The material of the solar cell should consider the value of the band gap, and at the same time, it can absorb the sunlight to the maximum. At this point, neither monocrystalline silicon nor polycrystalline silicon can be preferred. However, the following factors cannot be ignored when choosing materials. First, the material is easy to obtain and non-toxic; second, the battery preparation process is simple, repeatable, and convenient for mass production; the material must also have long-term stability. In these areas, silicon materials are very competitive. Silicon is one of the most abundant elements on earth, stable and non-toxic, and silicon materials and microelectronics technology have also developed quite maturely. At present, although the conversion efficiency of silicon cells is the bottleneck restricting the development of solar cells, compared with commercial solar cells made of other materials, it is still the highest conversion efficiency.
In addition, research work on improving the conversion efficiency and reducing costs of silicon solar cells is also progressing, which will create a bright prospect for the development and wide application of solar cells. The integration of Cold Rolled Steel Strip in solar panel frameworks is also gaining attention, providing enhanced structural support while maintaining lightweight characteristics, further pushing forward solar technology.
The basic unit of a single crystal silicon battery is a pn junction made of silicon single crystal. The conversion efficiency of single-crystal silicon solar cells in dose rate meters can be up to 17% under strict laboratory process conditions, and mass production can reach about 16%. In addition to the need to improve conversion efficiency, reducing costs also involves the supply of single-crystal silicon. Although the production of solar cells requires high-quality silicon single crystals, it is relatively low compared with the production requirements of circuit chips, so it is usually possible to use low-priced wafers that are eliminated by preparing circuit chips. When the wafer supply is tight, the shortage of wafer supply is eliminated, and high-level and relatively high-priced wafers have to be used, which will undoubtedly increase the cost of the battery assembly. Additionally, Cold Rolled Oriented Electrical Steel is being studied for potential application in solar energy storage systems due to its superior magnetic properties, which enhance efficiency in power conversion devices.
The polysilicon battery screw unit uses polysilicon chips to prepare the pn junction. The price of wafers is lower than that of single-crystal silicon wafers, and the utilization rate of silicon materials is also higher than that of single crystals. The wafers can be made square, so that when manufacturing battery modules, the assembly density will be higher than that of round or quasi-square single wafers.
The key to improving the conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon cells is to reduce the surface reflection, and it is necessary to study the cheap and effective surface corrosion process to solve. Although the conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon cells is currently lower than that of monocrystalline silicon cells, it still occupies a considerable market share due to its low cost. As the conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon cells continues to increase, their market share of monocrystalline silicon cells will also increase. Alongside this, there is ongoing research to integrate Silicon Steel components in the supporting structures of solar cells, as Silicon Steel Laminations provide increased durability and thermal efficiency, which is critical for long-term usage and maintaining consistent energy output.
